How orientalist constructions of Muslim bodies inform the rhetoric of the War on Terror

Introduction This paper seeks to establish information on how orientalist constructions of Muslim bodies inform the rhetoric of War on Terror. The subject of terrorism is widespread in the entire globe, and most people have come up with varied ways and techniques to fight terrorism. In this paper, we focus on these methods with emphasis on the constructions of Muslim bodies either in the Muslim regions or outside their regions, which aim as rescuing the innocent Muslims.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How orientalist constructions of Muslim bodies inform the rhetoric of the ‘War on Terror’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More We will look at how these Muslim bodies establish, and the role their founders expect them to play in regards to the War on Terror. For the purposes of this paper, we will look in depth in at the Muslim religion, their practices, and any other activities that are strictly in line w ith the religion. In addition, the paper will analyze the contribution and impact of the Muslim religion on the war on terror and the effect this will have on the whole world. The mention of terrorism sparks the thoughts violence, murder, bombs, and many other inhuman actions, which are taking place in the current world. Terrorism is an international matter that all countries seek to address irrespective of whether they have been victims or not. The subject of terrorism goes back in time, and it is not a matter that can be said to have started recently. Many countries have been victims of terrorism with most innocent people losing their lives and properties. Terrorism is a counter reaction from the people of the East in regards to the west having power all nations in the world. The population of the Eastern region is majorly Muslim who oppose to the Western power and in this case establishing ways in which to retaliate to the western powers. Terrorism gave birth to the ideology of w ar on terror, which is a Western technique of eliminating the terrorism activities. War on terror is a term, which most people use while referring to the international military campaign whose members include the United Kingdom, United States, and other North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s commonly abbreviated as NATO. The main origin of war on terror was for the purposes of wiping out al-Qaeda and other supporting militant organizations. In describing the war on terror, it encompasses all aspects of life as it aims at eliminating the terrorist groups, which are led by the al-Qaeda, and other extremist groups. Most people describe war on terror as a global military, legal, political, and ideological fight back against terrorist groups and any regimes linked to such groups. These regimes support the terrorist groups by providing them with financial and technical support in their terrorist activities against other nations. Discussion The issue of terrorism is an international af fair affecting all countries and its occupants from Europe to Africa to Asia. We will briefly look at the origin of war on terror and the basis of these operations. The al-Qaeda network which is the backbone of terrorism around the world was started Afghanistan in the period of December 1979 to 1996 February, and its main aim was to train their operatives in destroying the West powers.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Later on the group WIFJAJC- World Islamic Front for Jihad Jews and Crusaders started spreading their manifestos in Afghanistan, which its considerable population are Islamic extremist- Taliban. The leader of the group, Osama bin Laden, declared war on Israel, the American states, and the west. These were not empty threats as it followed with bombings in Kenya and Tanzania, which targeted the US embassies of the two countries in Africa. The then president of Unite d States Bill Clinton launched an operation against terrorism targeting the al-Qaeda groups. These did not deter the terrorist groups from accomplishing their mission as their followed significant attacks on different countries with the notable September 11th attack, which left several people dead. At this point, the then sitting president- George Bush launched the war on terror in an effort to wipe out the terrorist groups. War on terror has several objectives the main one being conquering terrorists like Abu Musab al-Zarqawi and Osama bin Laden by destroying any organizations under their leadership. In addition, the war on terror aims at stopping any sponsorship towards countries taking part in terrorist activities or hosting terrorists, protecting United States citizens abroad or at home, and reduce the nourishing conditions that terrorists take advantage of in attacking people and countries. In an effort to achieve the above objectives, the United States and other supporting cou ntries and organizations had to come up with techniques and ways in which their missions could come true. Apart from negotiations with other countries there had to be a method in which the war on terror can get wind of the plans that these terrorists group had. The network of these terrorists groups had expanded, and it was not possible to be a fighter from the outside. One had to fight from inside and that meant understanding most of the things about these terrorist groups. the United States government had deployed its military in the regions where the terrorist actions had origin but this was only causing more deaths and violence than eliminating terrorism. As indicated earlier in the paper, these terrorist groups and people comprised of people who profess the Muslim religion. There are several religions in the world, and one of them is the Muslim religion. Each religion has its principles and rules and so does the Muslim religion. As Muslim, there are certain things that they bel ieve in which makes them participate in the terrorist activities. One of these beliefs is that the more a person murders many people the more his or her chances of going to heaven. It was a sign of martyr Dom when sacrificing one’s soul and life in an effort to fighting the enemy. For this reason, we have heard of many suicide bombings carried out by Muslims in airplanes, trains, vehicles, and buildings.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How orientalist constructions of Muslim bodies inform the rhetoric of the ‘War on Terror’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To the participants they believe by so doing they will go to heaven and it makes them pure. The Muslim religion has followers all over the world with many of its followers being in the Middle East, part of Africa especially at the horn of Africa. During the formation, of its networks the al-Qaeda group managed to get a grip of almost the en tire world having links in every part of the world. This was wide spread, that it was difficult to locate the masterminds of the terrorist activities, which were taking place in the past times. Under the Muslim religion, we have different categories depending on the devotion of people to the religion. Notable is two categories of extremists and the flexible ones who both profess to the same religion-Muslim. It is believed that the extremist Muslims form a substantial part of the terrorist groups, which engage in the terrorist activities. This fact has led to several arguments concerning the connection between Islam as a religion and terrorism, which has grown in to a political affair. This issue is so widespread that it can be seen in places of work, travel areas, and many other areas. For instance, in an airport a Muslim will be subjected to serious scrutiny as compared to any other person just because of the link between Islam and terrorism. The situation is so inept that people f ear being on a plane, or vehicle with any person whose dress implies he or she is a Muslim (Butchart, 1998, p. 62). The war on terror has in the recent past come up with ways in which it can get in the Islam community and understand its undertakings. For this reason, there has been a widespread of orientalist constructions of Muslim bodies, which inform the rhetoric of war on terror. Basing on the aspect of being an insider fighter the war on terror proprietors opted to forming Muslim bodies, which in turn will inform them of the undertakings of the terrorist groups. The main aim for the formation of these Muslim bodies is to be part of the activities of the terrorist groups, which have Muslims as their members. When talking about Muslim bodies we mean the organizations and groups, which seem to be promoting the Muslim, human rights, and interests. These bodies can vary from region to the region, and from time to time as long, the proprietors of the war on terror achieve their missi on. The most common element in these Muslim bodies is that they all act as informers of the people behind the war on terror. Orientalist construction of Muslim bodies means the formation of organizations and groups, which have the culture or character of peoples of the western, central, eastern, or Asia region. This representation in these Muslim bodies eventually portrays the stereotypic and colonialist character because the founders of the war will majorly lead the members of the bodies on terror.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The principles and guidelines of these Muslim bodies depict the Islamic following but with all the wrong intentions of wanting to get hold of the masterminds of terrorism in the world. These bodies can be varied and most of them maybe promoting peace in Islamic regions, fighting for the rights of the innocent Muslims, speaking on behalf of the Muslim people and many other roles. These are done at international level so that the entire world can have a view of their intentions and missions. The bodies may comprise of both the moderate and extremist Muslim, and they strictly subscribe to the religion’s following. The major role of these Muslim bodies is to inform the people acting on the war on terror. In this section of the paper, we will analyze the methods and techniques employed in establishing these Muslim bodies of war on terror informers. We will also analyze the formation of the bodies, its members, their guidelines, and their area of coverage (Ayotte Husain, 2005, p. 117). One of the major factors the founders keep in mind while forming the Muslim bodies is the Islamic history. This is one religion full of disputes and engaging in it calls for so much attention and care. The most sensitive part is the idea of Islam having the two categories of moderate Muslims and extremists. Because of this reason, there are trends within the Islam community that have a confusing relationship to violence and other justifications for its functioning or even extol it. The presence of the intense conflict within Islamic community over its relation to violence has led to the positioning of Muslims in the world. As a result, there has been a veritable discrimination of the Muslim people in the world by other religions and people. Such a history will require critical measures in ensuring this discrimination does not occur and instead it should embrace the Islamic people like any other community or religion. Formation of these Muslim bodies should base their principle s on this fact and ensure that the bodies offer ground for the Muslim people to feel part of the world and community. The bodies should not promote matters of discrimination against the religion and its principles and guidelines should be based on the Muslim teachings. There exists a genuine threat of terrorism in the world, and for this reason, the founders of these Muslim bodies cannot dispute the issue of the existing relationship between terrorism and Islam. The reason for making the distinction between Islam and terrorism is that terrorism has its roots in the Muslim religion as its main people are the masterminds of the terrorism activities. In so doing the formation of the Muslim bodies will have to keep in mind the aspect of terrorism having its roots in the Muslim religion. This is the backbone of forming these Muslim bodies, as they will be in touch with any activities of terrorism. By having links with such bodies, it will be easier for the proprietors of war on terror to monitor the progress of any terrorism activities. In short that will reflect the inside work of fighting terrorism. The orientalist constructions of the Muslim bodies have been rampant in the whole world due to the widespread of Muslim network and their activities. The construction of Muslim bodies is a depiction of the western perspective of the east part of the world. Orientalist construction of Muslim bodies is a form of critical analysis key to comprehending the ideology of war on terror as it deals with the relationship between depictions by Westerners of non-Western subjects. Western constructions of Easterners in the name of Muslim bodies have been instruments of justifying colonialism and conquest for the past two centuries. The constructions of Muslim bodies have the element of race and gender, and their operation continue to operate in contemporary times. In their formation the orientalist keep in mind the aspect of race and gender as they play a key role in passing infor mation to the proprietors of war on terror. This is important so that the formation will include all races and gender to avoid any source of discrimination. Gender is an decisive factor in fighting the terrorism activities as both women and men play a prominent role in informing the United States as they fight the terrorist activities (Bilge, 2010, p. 23). There are several examples of United States Muslim bodies whose construction is to inform the anti-terrorism groups. In these constructions, the element of gender is as indispensable as their deployment is vital in facilitating intervention on the War on terror. For instance, we have bodies like the Feminist Majority Foundation, which supports the voiceless women who are victims of the activities of terrorism. In so doing, the women in this body will work hand in hand with their male counterparts in promoting their rights and interests to the extent that they will be insiders in the terrorists’ activities. The body comprise s majorly of Muslim women who work towards protecting other people whose rights are infringed because of the terrorist actions. By the United States forming such an organization, it aims at using the weak parties in the Muslim community to gain information of the undertakings of the terrorism groups. The terrorism groups may consider the bodies as their source to knowing the intentions of the United States and in the process let out their information or secrets while trying to consider their Muslim counterparts. At this point, the founders of these Muslim bodies will have attained their mission of getting information concerning the terrorist groups or their masterminds. These Muslim bodies have objectives, which are more beneficial to the anti-terrorism groups than to their fellow extremist Muslims. For instance, the group Feminist Majority Foundation has objectives of protecting the weaker sex in the Muslim community- women and in so doing the body is positioned as being superior t o the other groupings which are usually backward, full of masculinity, and barbaric. This factor of superiority makes the Muslim bodies popular in the regions where the extremist Muslim carry on their activities and hence act as a source of information to the anti-terrorism groups. In the end, the issue of gender has the purpose of preserving and promoting the United States masculinity power, and to substantiate violence under the standards of the War on Terror. The victims of the terrorism activities from the entire world will incline to the Muslim bodies whose founders are the anti-terrorism countries and people and in so doing cease supporting the terrorism organizations. In the above discussion, orientalism, which is a crucial analysis key in the decoding and understanding the values that form the visual relationships between westerners of non-Western subjects. Orientalist has the responsibility of dealing with the orient through making of statements, authorising their views, de scribing, teaching, settling, and ruling over it. In precise terms, orientalists are a representation of the western style for restructuring, dominating, and having authority over the orient. For this view, the orientalist constructions of Muslim bodies were characterised by western writings, which formed binary antagonism that did work well with the Eastern groups, which are mostly the terrorist groups. These Muslim bodies established by the United States and other anti-terrorism organizations come out to be the high point of civilization. Civilization in this sense embraced morality, rationality, and Christianity whose values are more liberal and acceptable by most people in the world. The Muslim bodies, on the other hand, made the Eastern organizations seem backward, irrational, lazy, despotic, and exotic. The knowledge that the Western people use in comprehending the Eastern people leads to the construction of a tradition which influences all further knowledge and learning about the terror activities. As a form, of critical analysis used to decode Western centric understandings orientalism is necessary to the United States war on terror because it unveils the methods in which non-Western traditions, cultures, and people live. Understanding the way in which these people live acts as the main source of information for the Americans in fighting terrorism because they understand the actions of their enemies. Most of the terrorists’ activities have their roots in the beliefs and convictions of the Muslim people and, therefore, in needs someone to understand their nature of living so that they can win the war against terrorism. As mentioned earlier, the Muslim groups will be majorly in the regions where these terrorists groups originate so that the informers can easily access their plans and activities. This, in turn, is the information used to fight the terrorists and their masterminds. For instance, it will be possible to have a clue on the location of the al-Qaeda group-Osama bin Laden because; in most cases, no one was aware of his exact location. The most noteworthy aspect in fighting terrorism is to have information especially on the masterminds of the terrorist groups. This is achievable by knowing the location of these masterminds, which has been an almost impossible aspect. There have been several speculations on the locations of Osama bin Laden for the longest time possible, and it took considerable intelligence and different regimes to locate his residence. There were speculations of him being in Africa at some point, and then the East was his favourite region for administering his activities and leadership. Osama bin Laden was eventually captured and killed in Afghanistan where he had been living with his family. This victory in the Obama regime can be attributed to the constructions of Muslim bodies in the East region, which may have leaked information of Osama whereabouts to the United States government. Fighting such a large network of people will be useless if one did not have sufficient information on their operations, beliefs, and convictions and this made it had for the anti-terrorism to win the war in the early stages of the war on terror. The foundation of Muslim bodies was a brilliant idea as it served as the origin of information to the United States government. In the recent times, there have been arguments on the functions and activities that the Muslim bodies play on the War of Terror. These concerns come about because of the representational codes and politics in the construction of Muslim bodies. It is a belief of most people that the construction of Muslim bodies is dangerous, uncivilized, and per-modern in American popular culture. The principles and guideline of these Muslim bodies lays on the ground of the War on Terror as the founders of these bodies seek to bring down the terrorists empire. As much as these Muslim bodies’ construction is aimed at protecting the Muslim w omen and children from the oppression of the Muslim Male counterparts’ people read Western interests in the formation of groups. Essentially, the Americans want to express their concern to the suffering innocent victims of terrorism while at the same using these Muslim bodies to get access to the undertakings of the terrorist groups. The whole world will view this step of forming Muslim bodies as a step towards American’s attaining peace in the East but forget to see the suffering they cause to the Muslims. In being the greatest founders of these so-called Muslim bodies, the United States ensures that its operations are essential to their fight against terrorism. The members of these groups are mostly elite Muslim women who will be instrumental in the creating of relationships between the United States government and the terrorists groups. Through the elite Muslim women, the Muslim bodies create awareness to the Muslim communities on the impact of the Islam extremistsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ activities on the living of the innocent moderate Muslims. Muslims are people who have strong devotions to their religion and will abide to the teachings of religion to the end. Some of their beliefs are the reason for the violent character of most Muslim people especially the male Muslims. On the other hand, the female Muslims are to be submissive and abide to their husbands demands and followings. All these followings the Muslims make possible without minding the suffering these strict religion causes them but instead they aim at fulfilling what they term as the prophetic teachings. For these reasons, the constructions of Muslim bodies base on the fact of liberating the Muslims from their sufferings in the name of civilization (Kuntsman, 2008, p. 133). There have been several views on the construction of Muslim bodies especially by the anti-terrorism powers. Most people view these Muslim bodies as a source of discrimination based on race and gender. This is because of the idea of including women in the operations of the Muslim bodies while neglecting the male Muslims who are also victims of terrorism activities. Other people view this as discrimination on the male Muslims who may also be relevant in the fight against terrorism. In most cases, people view the male Muslims as the main participants in the terrorism war waged against the United States and its associates. For this reason, there has been a lot of stigmatization of the Muslim bodies especially in the east where people do not accommodate the activities of the Muslim bodies. In this post September 11th eras, there is a lot of stigmatization of Muslim bodies and community especially where matters of security within and without borders of the United States is a paramount factor. In the end, the extremists Muslims view the Muslim bodies as a source of information to the anti-terrorism groups because they want to terminate their activities (Martin, 2010, p. 18). The most crucial question is why t he negative reception of Muslim bodies in the eastern region. There are various reasons as to why the Muslim extremists have negative alignments towards the Muslim bodies. Apart from the notion that Muslim bodies act as a base of information for the anti-terrorists powers, the Muslim bodies are not a true representation of the Muslim culture, traditions, and beliefs. In the name of civilization, these Muslim bodies have incorporated in their living the western culture thereby dropping the Muslim culture. Some of the beliefs are presently extraordinarily demeaning especially to the Muslim women who are less empowered compared to their male counter parts. The members of the Muslim bodies include embracing the western culture and the Christian way of living, which the extremists do not subscribe to, and hence they are bound to reject any progress of the Muslim bodies. Another crucial task at this point is the differentiating the extremists and moderate Muslims. The war on terror is a p olitical ideology, which sets out to fight any terrorism activities and in so doing fighting all Muslims irrespective of their regions or origins. We cannot dispute the participation of Muslims in the terrorism matter but then we cannot equally condemn all Muslims as terrorists. The critics of the War on Terror term some of the United States actions on other regions as inhuman and unfair because of the two parties having differing political ideologies. For instance, the war on terror the United States waged against Israel was a personal fight between the two countries because of their resources especially oil. In this case, there were Muslims who disputed this fight and deemed it to be against the international human rights whereby the Muslims were being discriminated on the grounds of being followers of a religion that has terrorists. A perfect example of this problem is Sheikh Yusef Al-Qaradawi who was against the war on terror in Britain. It is difficult to categorise this person as an extremist or moderate Muslim because of his views, which many people shared. The sheikh was also a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was a Muslim body, and, at the particular time, he was a supporter of the suicide bombing in Israel. In an interview, by the BBC Yusef explained his support for the Israel suicide bombing by terming it as a sign of martyr- Dom on the persons who took part in the suicide bombings. This is an action done in the name of God, and it is referred to as Jihad, which allows for destruction of the enemy by sacrificing one’s soul. After the above analyzing, of the activities and construction of Muslim bodies we now focus on the ways in which these bodies act as informers of the rhetoric war on terror. In the earlier discussion, we have established that the main bases of the construction of Muslim bodies are the gender and race factors, which are a significant factor in the war against terrorism. The ideology of race and gender were the main a reas in which the anti-terrorism powers could be able to capture the participation of the entire world because of the widespread terrorism network. The Muslim religion comprises of all the races both the white and black races and, therefore, using the racial aspect would ensure all races are factored in the war against terrorism. By having both, blacks and whites Muslims as members of the Muslim bodies will mean that the anti-terrorism powers have their links in the entire world. Through this reasoning, the getting of information on the various activities of the terrorists groups becomes easy. This is because the Muslim bodies will be against the actions of their extremist counter parts and, therefore, reveal any attempts they may have which may further tarnish the Muslim reputation. The civilization aspect in the Muslim bodies will be the main reason for the members revealing any hideous activities of the terrorist masterminds and groups. When analyzing the objectives of the war on terror the principal one was locating the terrorists groups, and masterminds and to put a stop to their terrorists’ activities and, for these reason, the Muslim bodies base their constructions on the objectives. By enlightening, the Muslim members of the Muslim bodies especially in their way of life will mean their way of reasoning will change. There will be better international relations between countries and regions where these Muslim bodies have base. Since the United States is a powerful member of the anti-terrorism groups, it is bound to have its way by demanding full disclosure of any terrorism plans and activities. There may be threats of reduced funding from the United States and other powers in the event that the countries or regions fail to comply with the aspect of being informers of any terrorism activities. A perfect example of such a country is Somalia in Africa, which has been a den of terrorism activities. Somalia has been a host to many wanted terrorists lik e Osama bin Laden, and it also promotes the existence of other terrorists groups like the al-shabaab. Any attempts to have Muslim bodies established in this country have been met with rejection because they do not support the ideologies of these bodies. In return, the United States government has stopped any funding help to Somalia and withdrawn all the military security in the country. For fear of such occurrences, most countries will abide to the objectives of the Muslim bodies and in so doing play the role of informers to the United States government. Countries, which support the activities of terrorism, are in abject poverty and no strong political system. Examples in this case are Afghanistan, Somalia, Pakistan, Iraq, and many other nations, which are full of terrorist activities. These countries’ population is majorly extremist Muslims who strongly oppose the western powers and influence in the whole world. This is the main reason for their terrorist activities, which a im at frustrating the US powers. On the subject of gender, the women in these Muslim bodies are a source of information to the US government. In the fight against terror, there is always the depiction of physical and structural violence unleashed upon the women of these regions. The war on terrorism in Afghanistan and other nations and regions demonstrate that the western influence has the aim of saving the voiceless women of these regions from the sufferings of terrorism acts. In this context, the women are the main victims of the terrorists’ activities and, therefore, the construction of the Muslim bodies majorly bases on having several women as its members. By including women in the Muslim bodies gives them the sense of empowerment, which the women lack, in their countries. By being in the Muslim bodies, the Muslim women can actively participate in international relations of countries, which to them have always been a role of the males. Therefore, the women play a key role of being informers of the United States government as it attempts to secure the females from oppression of the Taliban. The image of the Afghan woman who has been subjected to terrorism activities has played a vital role in various public arguments seeking to rationalize United States military intervention in the terrorism goings-on. In such instances, the women feel secured from the violent going-on of terrorists and, therefore, will not held back in providing any information to the anti-terrorism powers. The elite women will in turn play the role of enlightening their Muslim counterparts who are still tied in the dehumanizing practices of the Muslim culture and in the process gain relevant information, which will be useful on the war against terror. Another notable area in which the construction of Muslim bodies helped with information gathering is through leadership of the bodies. In an effort, to increase the number of members especially the Muslims there had to be Muslim leade rs in these Muslim bodies. Putting a Muslim leader to the Muslim bodies would a positive indication that the bodies actually had the Muslims interests at heart and it majorly aims at saving the people from oppression. Such Muslims are unquestionably the moderate Muslims whose culture, tradition, and the way of living are flexible and do not strictly abide to the Muslim religion. These leaders will seek audience from the leaders in the organizations having extremist Muslim and negotiate matters appertaining the terrorism activities. Through this process, the leaders will have access to the information, which can be relevant in bringing down the terrorists empires. The release of information may be a two-way traffic where by the other group will also expect to know the Western powers plans. In this case, the first person to react will be victorious in the eyes of other people. It is obvious from the above discussion that the construction of Muslim bodies serves the purposes of informi ng the rhetoric war on terror. This information gathering is through the contexts of race, leadership, and gender, which are matters relevant in the fight. The people with the notion that the Muslim bodies are informers of the US powers in the fight against terrorism is not wrong as this was a technique of winning the war and it seems to be working. The Muslim bodies have managed to break the extremist networks in the world by spreading the idea of civilization to the fellow Muslims who do not appertain to any side of the terrorism argument. The capture of Osama bin Laden is a prime example on the victory of the war on terror and it has led to more alliances to the Muslim bodies. The capturing of the Osama who was the mastermind of the terrorist activities meant the end of such things although there have been rumours of another leader having replaced Osama (Bhattacharyya, 2008, p. 76). As much as the Muslim bodies have been successful in its missions there has been a lot of criticis m in which people criticize the operations of the Muslim bodies. Muslim bodies have neglected the suffering of the moderate Muslims in the war zone areas especially those which the United States has withdrawn its financial and security purposes. This makes people to question the main reason for the formation of the Muslim bodies. The Muslim bodies concentrate more on wiping out terrorism instead of catering for the victims of the terrorist activities. The critics of these Muslim bodies state that the main reason for their formation is to get access to information of their enemies and in so doing forgetting to play the role of a saviour of the innocent Muslims suffering in the hands of the terrorists. The construction of the Muslim bodies majorly bases on information gathering, but, on the other hand, preaches the saving of suffering innocent Muslims. In a more serious step, the anti-terrorists powers make use of the information to destroy the terrorists’ empire. In the proces s, many lives are lost especially of the innocent Muslims who just wrongly placed in the world. If the main objective of these Muslim bodies is to save the innocent Muslims then their actions go against their objectives. This is because they cause more suffering by trying to destroy the terrorist empire. There is also the issue of security where there is great discrimination of Muslims irrespective of which side a person chooses. Muslims have been subjected to greater security discrimination especially in areas of travel, work, and residence. Discussions of gender, race, and religion have brought out the terms of engagement in the War on Terror. Due to these discussions, Muslim activists and feminists must connect with the dual subjugation of Islam Phobia that comes from religious extremism especially the Muslims. In the end, the Muslim women have been on the opposition side of the terrorism issue objecting all their reasons for destroying the United States powers. In an effort to a chieve the Muslim bodies’ objectives there have been great negotiations and contestations, which are made by the secular and faith-centred Muslim feminists. It is therefore evident that the Muslim women have played a major in contributing towards the war on terror under the umbrella of Muslim bodies. They have been instrumental is trying to end the fights and terrorism activities. This is because of the women being the weaker and vulnerable people in the societies where they end up being the victims of the terrorism activities. The elite Muslim feminists and activists have also been instrumental in rescuing the other female counterparts who have been tied down with the cultures of the Muslim religion. By introducing civilization to the oppressed Muslim women, they tend to abandon the extremist Muslim kind of life (Dyer, 1997, p. 78). Conclusion The above discussion supports the idea that the orientalist constructions of Muslim bodies inform the rhetoric of the war on terror. Orientalist form Muslim bodies with objectives of using the bodies to gather information, which will be helpful in the fight against terror. From the above discussion, it is evident that the Muslim bodies are informers of the anti-terrorism powers whose main objective is to terminate all the terrorist activities and leaderships. The formation of Muslim bodies is majorly to rescue the innocent Muslims from the terrorism activities, which affect both the moderate and extremist Muslims. The war on terror is a political strategy, which aims at conquering the terrorists in the world, and this was formed after a series of attacks from the terrorists on the United States powers. The war on terror has the responsibility of protecting the life of all United States citizens, both in the country and those staying abroad. From the above discussion, we have established that for there to be victory in the war on terror it requires for information on the going-on of the terrorist groups. For this reason, the anti-terrorist powers came up with the formation of Muslim bodies, which play the role of being informers of the United States government and other powers. We have analyzed the ways in which these Muslim bodies act as informers to the anti-terrorism powers. In such cases, the construction of Muslim bodies bases on the objectives of the war on terror as much as the overall mission is to protect the innocent Muslims caught in between the fights of terrorism. The United States powers employ the principles and guidelines, which will favour their mission on war on terror in the construction of Muslim bodies. It is evident that this is through the weaker side of the Muslim religion, which does not abide to the strict teachings of the Muslim religion. These ways are through the gender, race, and leadership aspects of the Muslim community. This offers a fertile ground for information, which can be an issue in fighting terrorism. The above methods ensure that the Muslim bodiesâ⠂¬â„¢ missions and goals are equally widespread like the terrorists network. The matters of race and gender are wide spread and they will be helpful in increasing the numbers of the Muslim bodies’ members. In the Muslim community, the women are victims of oppression both from the culture and terrorist activities, which their male counterparts actively take part. Therefore, by having objectives of securing the women from the oppression of the Muslim culture, the Muslim bodies can easily achieve the goal of getting information concerning the terrorism groups. The Muslim women have been instrumental in spear heading the negotiations for peace in Muslim regions where the war on terror has been rampant. References Ayotte, K J Husain, M E 2005, ‘Securing Afghan Women: Neo-colonialism, Epistemic Violence and the Rhetoric of the Veil’, NWSA Journal 17(3), 112-133. Bhattacharyya, G 2008, Dangerous Brown Men: exploiting sex, violence and feminism  In the ‘war on t error’, London: Zed Books. Bilge, S 2010, ‘Beyond Subordination vs. Resistance: An Intersectional Approach to the Agency of Veiled Muslim Women’, Journal of Intercultural Studies 31(1), 9-28. Butchart, A 1998, The anatomy of power: European constructions of the African body, London: Zed Books. Dyer, R 1997, White, London: Routledge. Kuntsman, A 2008, ‘The Soldier and the Terrorist: Sexy Nationalism, Queer Violence’,  Sexualities 11(1/2), 142-170. Martin, L 2010, ‘Bombs, bodies and bio politics: securitizing the subject at the airport security checkpoint’, Social Cultural Geography 11(1), 17-34. This essay on How orientalist constructions of Muslim bodies inform the rhetoric of the ‘War on Terror’ was written and submitted by user Artur0 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Obsessive-Compulsive (OC) Discussion and Comparison in The Use of DIRT, ERP and CBT Therapies for Treatment essays

Obsessive-Compulsive (OC) Discussion and Comparison in The Use of DIRT, ERP and CBT Therapies for Treatment essays A variety of treatments for Obsessive-Compulsive (OC) behaviors through the years has resulted in a number of effective ways to treat those individuals affected by OC. Three treatments currently in use are the Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT), the Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) methods and the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. There are also a number of different drugs used to treat the OC individual, in conjunction with the above mentioned therapies as well as by itself. In order to fully understand what type of disorder this paper is referring to an Obsessive-Compulsive behavior can be classified as; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous condition involving unwanted distressing thoughts and compulsive rituals concerning one or more general themes. (Abramowitz 2003 pg 1049). This paper will discuss the use of DIRT, ERP and CBT therapies for treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive behavior. The discussion will be limited to those individuals who are treated in regards to their compulsive obsession disorder with any of the methods. A comparison of the effectiveness of treatments featuring the use of drugs as compared to the effectiveness of treatments that forego such applications should lead to a conclusion of which particular method is most likely to lead to the most successful resolution to the exhibited behavior. Whether a doctor employs a psychological approach (sometimes coupled with medication) or the doctor exclusively uses drug therapies for treatment, are based on addressing the behavior of the sufferer with therapy. Throughout this paper the comparison between DIRT, ERP and CBT will focus primarily on the effectiveness of non-drug introducing therapies. Using DIRT to treat an OC patient seems a common sense approach to the problem, yet it was only during the latter part of the twentieth century that this particular method was developed. DIRT treats t...

Environmental studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental studies - Essay Example A region’s environment and climatic conditions will usually determine its adaptations do handling of the environmental problems that arise. Ideally, at their core, the environmental problems faced and the available solutions are culturally and organizationally rooted in the society (Howard-Grenville, 2007). In this topical discussion, Michael Maniates points out that it is the environmental imaginations of people that are too narrow or egocentric in offering solutions that can deal responsibly with environmental problems. Furthermore, James Speth notes that the lack of a new consciousness in the society has also led to the deep embeddedness of the environmental problems in the worldview. However, Lynn White Jr. clearly spells this out when he recognizes that there is a cultural aspect in the creation and provision of viable environmental solutions, and that non-reliance on technological, scientific and economic solutions should not be at the expense of the culture. In all thes e aspects, I would like to take a stance and agree with these ideologies and state that solutions to environmental problems cannot be sought through the same worldviews that caused them. The world’s biggest problem environmentally is to overlook the social dimensions regarding environmental problems and concentrate on the economic and technological aspects. In essence, the provision of the solutions should be based on totally different cultural perspectives. First, there is an urgent need for control of the population growth in most countries. Nearly everyone relies on the environmental resources for survival and in cases of overpopulation the available resources become strained thus, adverse effects on the environment. Coupled with unsustainable development, the results on the environment are usually adverse and if not corrected, may lead to environmental degradation (Johnston, 2012). Second, it is true that the economical and technological activities too have a direct impac t on the degradation of environmental conditions. However, the core causes are personal beliefs, cultural norms and societal institutions. In line with the personal beliefs, an environmentalist or environmental program manager will have to ensure that the way people act and think towards the environment is changed for them to be able to appreciate its benefits. For instance, if a person constantly thinks about cutting of trees and dumping of garbage without considerate thoughts, bringing that person into accepting the benefits of maintaining environment will begin by culturally transforming his thoughts and acts. Finally, the solutions to the environmental problems need to be based on the addressing of the lack of attention that has been propagated towards the achievement of improved environmental sustainability. This can be possible when a consideration for the full scope that cultural shift presents in the real world today is critically analyzed and idealized. Consequently, the va rious forms of individual and organizational barriers towards environmental preservation need to be enhanced as only through these can the causative effects become easily mitigated upon. Better still, there needs to be an informed understanding of the available strategies that can be applied towards the overcoming of organizational barriers that hinder environmental preservation and restoration activities. Some of these strategies can be applied based on the societal understanding of

Texting while driving in Miami-Dade County Essay

Texting while driving in Miami-Dade County - Essay Example According to research, it has been noted that a person communicating on his mobile phone has a higher possibility of causing an accident than a drunken driver (Rader, 2008). This essay is a critical evaluation on the threat of mobile telephony on Miami Dade County, with respect to texting while driving. The Miami Dade County was the first to legislate a law banning the use of mobile telephones while driving in Florida, which was passed in the year 2001 (Rader, 2008). According to the ordinance, first time violators were to be awarded a $250 fine or opt to register for a refresher driving course while second time offenders were to receive a punishment of $500. Most importantly, this act recognized the efficiency of these gadgets to communicate in cases of emergency and thus exceptions were made to allow their usage in cases such as reporting on fire, crime, irresponsible driving or other urgent occurrences. However, this law was preempted in 2002 thereby allowing drivers the liberty to decide on when and where to use the distractive gadgets (Rader, 2008). This has been the major setback in the county, which, according to statistics conducted by the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles, experienced a high rate of accident occurrence of approximately 118 fatal accidents per day in 2008 (Muller, 2010). Every time a bill is introduced for debate to restrict the use of hand held phones either to call or text messages while driving, it is either defeated at the committee stage or it fails completely to gain the support of the legislature, which applies to the whole state of Florida. Furthermore, the state of Florida has a preemption policy which does not allow its local authorities to legislate laws governing or prohibiting distracted driving (Miami-Dade County, n.d). As a result, the prerogative of controlling distracted driving especially

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 39

Accounting - Essay Example Performance can be measured by using the financial measures. The measures give the financial indicators such as profits and growth. By using profit figures, a manager can easily tell whether their organization is performing or not. Profits are indicators of performance while loses will be used to indicate non-performance. Another way in which the balanced scorecard can be used to measure performance is through analyzing its innovation reports. By using the company’s ability to respond to changes and make new products, then one can easily tell its competitive nature. Because the scorecard gives parameters used to show success, meeting the parameters will imply that the company is performing. The customer perspective in the balanced scorecard can also be used to measure performance because it is linked to customer satisfaction. The tool can be used to analyze whether the customers are served on time, whether products are affordable and of quality. Coming up with the answers will be used as a performance indicator. The score card can as well be used as an appraisal tool in evaluating employee performance. The balance scorecard has four main perspective, the customer perspective, the innovation and learning perspective, the internal business perspective and the financial perspective (Kaplan & David, 1992). The customer perspective focuses on customer needs, the internal business perspective dwells on important internal operations, the financial perspective relates to profits and market share while the innovation perspective focuses on the ability to create new products. The internal business operations relates to the customer perspective in that, it is through analyzing the internal operations that the customers’ needs will be satisfied. The operations perspective requires that the managers establish what they have to excel in so that they can be able to meet the needs of the customers. The internal operations also relate to the

Information Technology In Insurance Industry Commerce Essay

Information Technology In Insurance Industry Commerce Essay Insurance in India can be traced back to the Vedas. For instance, yogakshema, the name of Life Insurance Corporation of Indias corporate headquarters, is derived from the Rig Veda. The term suggests that a form of community insurance was prevalent around 1000 BC and practiced by the Aryans. Burial societies of the kind found in ancient Rome were formed in the Buddhist period to help families build houses, protect widows and children. Bombay Mutual Assurance Society, the first Indian life assurance society, was formed in 1870. Other companies like Oriental, Bharat and Empire of India were also set up in the 1870-90s. It was during the swadeshi movement in the early 20th century that insurance witnessed a big boom in India with several more companies being set up. As these companies grew, the government began to exercise control on them. The Insurance Act was passed in 1912, followed by a detailed and amended Insurance Act of 1938 that looked into investments, expenditure and management of these companies funds. By the mid-1950s, there were around 170 insurance companies and 80 provident fund societies in the countrys life insurance scene. However, in the absence of regulatory systems, scams and irregularities were almost a way of life at most of these companies. As a result, the government decided nationalizes the life assurance business in India. The Life Insurance Corporation of India was set up in 1956 to take over around 250 life companies. HISTORY OF INDIAN INSURANCE MARKET Insurance has a long history in India. Life Insurance in its current form was introduced in 1818 when Oriental Life Insurance Company began its operations in India. General Insurance was however a comparatively late entrant in 1850 when Triton Insurance company set up its base in Kolkata. History of Insurance in India can be broadly bifurcated into three eras: a) Pre Nationalisation b) Nationalisation and c) Post Nationalisation. Life Insurance was the first to be nationalized in 1956. Life Insurance Corporation of India was formed by consolidating the operations of various insurance companies. General Insurance followed suit and was nationalized in 1973. General Insurance Corporation of India was set up as the controlling body with New India, United India, National and Oriental as its subsidiaries. The process of opening up the insurance sector was initiated against the background of Economic Reform process which commenced from 1991. For this purpose Malhotra Committee was formed du ring this year who submitted their report in 1994 and Insurance Regulatory Development Act (IRDA) was passed in 1999. Resultantly Indian Insurance was opened for private companies and Private Insurance Company effectively started operations from 2001. PRESENT SCENARIO OF INSURANCE INDUSTRY    India with about 200 million middle class household shows a huge untapped potential for players in the insurance industry. Saturation of markets in many developed economies has made the Indian market even more attractive for global insurance majors. The insurance sector in India has come to a position of very high potential and competitiveness in the market.   Indians, have always seen life insurance as a tax saving device, are now suddenly turning to the private sector that are providing them new products and variety for their choice. Consumers remain the most important centre of the insurance sector. After the entry of the foreign players the industry is seeing a lot of competition and thus improvement of the customer service in the industry. Computerisation of operations and updating of technology has become imperative in the current scenario. Foreign players are bringing in international best practices in service through use of latest technologies The insurance agents still remain the main source through which insurance products are sold. The concept is very well established in the country like India but still the increasing use of other sources is imperative. At present the distribution channels that are available in the market are listed below. Direct selling Corporate agents Group selling Brokers and cooperative societies Banc assurance Customers have tremendous choice from a large variety of products from pure term (risk) insurance to unit-linked investment products. Customers are offered unbundled products with a variety of benefits as riders from which they can choose. More customers are buying products and services based on their true needs and not just traditional money back policies, which is not considered very appropriate for long-term protection and savings. There is lots of saving and investment plans in the market. However, there are still some key new products yet to be introduced e.g. health products.    The rural consumer is now exhibiting an increasing propensity for insurance products. A research conducted exhibited that the rural consumers are willing to dole out anything between Rs.3,500 and Rs.2,900 as premium each year. In the insurance the awareness level for life insurance is the highest in rural India, but the consumers are also aware about motor, accidents and cattle insurance. In a study conducted by MART the results showed that nearly one third said that they had purchased some kind of insurance with the maximum penetration skewed in favor of life insurance. The study also pointed out the private companies have huge task to play in creating awareness and credibility among the rural populace. The perceived benefits of buying a life policy range from security of income bulk return in future, daughters marriage, childrens education and good return on savings, in that order, the study adds. FEATURES OF INSURANCE INDUSTRY Insurance Policy India provides the clients with the details required for the coverage in the policy, date of commencement of the policy and their adopting organizations. It plays a important role in the Indian insurance sector. The Insurance Policy India is regulated by certain acts like the Insurance Act (1938), the Life Insurance Corporation Act(1956), General Insurance Business Nationalization) Act(1972), Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority IRDA) Act(1999). The insurance policy determines the covers against risks, sometime opens investment options with insurance companies setting high returns and also informs about the tax benefits like the LIC in India. There are two types of insurance covers: 1. Life insurance 2. General insurance Life insurance this sector deals with the risks and the accidents affecting the life of the customer. Alongside, this insurance policy also offers tax planning and investment returns. There are various types of life Insurance Policy India: Endowment Policy Whole Life Policy Term Life Policy Money-back Policy Joint Life Policy Group Insurance Policy General Insurance this sector covers almost everything related to property, vehicle, cash, household goods, health and also ones liability towards others. The major segments covered under general Insurance Policy India are: Home Insurance Health Insurance Motor Insurance Travel Insurance NAME OF THE PLAYER MARKET SHARE (%) Name of the Player Market share (%) LIFE INSURANCE CORPORATION OF INDIA 82.3 ICICI PRUDENTIAL 5.63 BIRLA SUN LIFE 2.56 BAJAJ ALLIANZ 2.03 SBI LIFE INSURANCE 1.80 HDFC STANDARD 1.36 TATA AIG 1.29 MAX NEW YARK 0.90 AVIVA 0.79 OM KOTAK MAHINDRA 0.51 ING VYSYA 0.37 MET LIFE 0.21 SWOT ANALYSIS Strength Risk protection is provided by this sector only. Insurance having currently good market. Tax exemption. The variety of products is increasing. Insurance to build close relationship with customers. Good amount of RD into insurance 200 million households waiting for householders insurance Weakness Unable to convenience the people about the products. Insurance companies instability Limited working capital Products or services similar to competitors. Higher tax nets for the middle class Opportunities Technology is improving paperless transaction are available. Busy life, customer need flexible and customizable policies. Like mobile banking mobile insurance could be a hit. New innovations in technology-measuring weather variables. Threats Weather cycles. New substitute product emerging. Increasing expenses and lower profit margins with hard on the smaller agencies and insurance companies. Government regulations on issues like health care terrorism can quickly change the direction on insurance. USE OF INRORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INSURANCE INDUSTRY The present scenario is such that the products sold with the help of Internet. The technological advancement is such that force the companies to take such steps. Still the full-fledged use of Internet is not done in our country. As suggestion earlier the Internet based life insurance will help the companies to reduce the transaction cost and time. At the time it can improve the quality of service to its customers, which is the mission of the company. Internet can be an effective medium for educating the consumers about insurance. It serves as a single window for disseminating product, process and procedural information to the consumers. Product development and target marketing through the Internet: with increase in the number of insurance companies there will be a need for market segmentation and subsequently product designed for each of them. In such a scenario Internet can be a effective channel for pushing product specific information to a particular market segment. Consumer feedback about a particular product as well as suggestions for different types or covers can also be generated through the Internet 1. E-business insurance in India: The Internet has played a vital role in transforming the business of the 21st century. Computers are now being used extensively for creating a storing data, information with the help of complex and sophisticated technological tools in every kind of business. This change having been widely accepted, the advantages are numerous such as fast processing improved. Efficiency, cost reduction among several other benefits. 2. Maintaining the database:- The most important factor that is affecting the insurance industry is the marinating the database of the customers. The insurance industry having a huge list of the customers. In order to maintain it in manual format it is really the work of stupidity. With the change in time the computers has taken the work of this things. Thus with the development of the technology it has becoming possible to maintain such huge database very easily. A person can switch over to the computer and get the details of the customer very easily. Thus maintaining the database has really become easy due to the development in technology. 3. E-Commerce in the Indian Insurance Industry With the advent of the Internet, online processes are replacing conventional models in our society. The greatest impact in online technology has been achieved by e-commerce. E-commerce is attractive both to buyers and sellers as it reduces search costs for buyers and insventory costs for sellers. In this paper we investigate the impact of e-commerce on the insurance industry in India. The recent growth of Internet infrastructure and introduction of economic reforms in the insurance sector have opened up the monopolistic Indian insurance market to competition from foreign alliances. We study the evolving scenario in the insurance industry in India and identify the features of online insurance that improve the conventional insurance model and thus, makes it more attractive for the Indian insurance industry to go online. TECHNOLOGY TREND IN INSURANCE MARKET Computerization: Initially, in the late 1950s the insurance companies used Unit Record Machines (Electro Magnetic Machines) to process data punched into cards. Computers were introduces in the mid 1960s and by the 1980s the Unit Phased Machines were phased out and the entire process was computerized. This brought about greater efficiency and quick service delivery Internet: Today, the internet has completely changed the service delivery process. Internet is today used to even sell insurance policies. Internet is, in fact, proving to be one of the widely used distribution networks for selling insurance policies. Also internet is used for sending premium notices to policy holders through e-mails Companies like LIC (www.licindia.com), ICICI (www.iciciprudential.com) all have websites from which people can get the information about their products, prices, various schemes, and lots of other information. People can also purchase the product through this website. Electronic Clearance Service (ECS): Almost all the big organizations today provide the ECS facility to its customers. A policy holder having an account in any bank which is a member of the local clearing house can opt for ECS debit to pay premiums. The advantage here is that once the option is exercised, the policy holder need not visit a branch for paying the premium or collecting the receipts. On the day indicated by the policy holder, the premium amount will be directly debited to the bank account of the policyholder and the receipt will be issued by the designated branch office. Call Centres and SMS services: Almost all the insurance companies have their own call centres which cater to the phone based queries of the policyholders. This service is 247 and they have the Interactive Voice Response (IVR) systems at all the branches INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCED IN LIC LIC has been one of the pioneering organizations in India who introduced the leverage of Information Technology in servicing and in their business. Data pertaining to almost 10 crores policies is being held on computers in LIC. We have gone in for relevant and appropriate technology over the years. 1964 saw the introduction of computers in LIC. Unit Record Machines introduced in late 1950s were phased out in 1980s and replaced by Microprocessors based computers in Branch and Divisional Offices for Back Office Computerization. Standardization of Hardware and Software commenced in 1990s. Standard Computer Packages were developed and implemented for Ordinary and Salary Savings Scheme (SSS) Policies. INSURANCE SOFTWARE The online Insurance Management System Software solution is a fully automated and integrated policy processing system for both personal and commercial insurance carriers. It is a scalable, reliable, and cost-effective solution for carrying out all business-critical insurance processing functions Insurance Software Solutions provider for all segments of the insurance community and insurance product management. The web based Insurance Management System Software solution helps to solve long-standing time-to-market challenges. The web based insurance management system expertise and solution can dramatically lessen the cost of policy ownership services. DIFFERENT TYPES OF INSURANCE SOFTWARE Insurance Policy Administration System Insurance policy administration system consists of a mathematical notation that captures the relationship between policies and objects and the entities that manage policies for those objects. The Insurance policy administration system is consisting of a number of policy administration domains. The domains are arranged in a hierarchy, representing descending levels of authority. Claims Management Systems This system ensures claims are processed fast and efficiently. Operator flexibility is the key, and we aim to improver operator productivity while processing claims. Real-time status for quick resubmission and faster reimbursements. Unique claim aging tool shows thousands of claims status in one view. Insurance Claims System uses electronic filing system to primary and secondary payers. Each claim is scrubbed with up-to- date Medicare rules. This Claim Processing System helps in quick resubmission for claim Insurance Agency Management System Insurance Agency Management System facilitates an insurance companys ability to address relationships with its product distribution channels. This system helps in managing current Agencies, can add New Agencies or Delete Current Agencies. Insurance Agency Management System is the solution that delivers to manage and grow your insurance agency to assist day-to-day management of your agency. Agency management utilized for small business, individual or enterprise business Insurance Agent Management System Insurance Agent Management System maintains Multiple Agents from Multiple Agencies, keep the track of their activities from Policy Registration to Claim processing. All their data, their commission, their policies status updates, etc. are taken care by this module. This Insurance system helps in smooth functioning of the Agents working and makes the processes faster and efficient. Policy Management System Policy registration is intended to be a vehicle for the exploration and discussion of policy issues and is aimed in particular at enhancing communication between health policy researchers, legislators, decision-makers, and professionals concerned with developing, implementing, and analyzing health policy. Policy renewals and policy cancellation can be managed by the insurance policy management system User Management System A new user registers by filling in a form on your web-site. If necessary, the new user is first place in a waiting list until you approve the new user. After adding the user, the user can login to the system with his or her username and password to make changes. You can use overviews of users for mailing purposes etc.. User Management System manages all the users of the system i.e. Customer, Administrator or Agents. It keeps the track of thee the activities they performs, their data, their access information, etc. Endorsements Management System Endorsements to a title insurance policy are addenda or attachments to the policy that may correct or modify a previously issued title policy, or alter or modify the provisions of the exceptions, conditions and stipulations of the title policy so that the insured party receives greater coverage than would exist under the terms of the unendorsed title policy. Data import / Export system It handles large amounts of data to import and export it securely. It does processing and management of large and sensitive data compression/decompression and/or encryption/decryption allowing the exchange of data through the network with high performance and stability, exchange of data among Web server(s), business application server(s) and database server(s) and account information including user passwords Policy Registration and Quotations Engine Policy registration is intended to be a vehicle for the exploration and discussion of policy issues and is aimed in particular at enhancing communication between policy researchers, legislators, decision-makers, and professionals concerned with developing, implementing, and analyzing health policy. Policy quotations engine is an on demand quotation management feature coupled with detailed profit optimization and approval management engines. With quotation engine you can automate the sales and services processes that are currently being done using a hybrid of spreadsheets, documents and emails with little to no process control. When you have completed your quotation you can use the engine to seek approvals for non- standard pricing and/or terms and conditions. Discounts and loading management. Insurance Administration Management System Insurance Administration Management system can manage multiple administrators and can have the track of the right assigned to them. It takes care that all the Administrators function with the system as per the rights assigned to them ad they can get their work done in efficient manner. Customizable and strong administration system. Insurance Sales Management can be managed by insurance sales system. Content Management System Module Content Management System is used for managing the capture, storage, security, revision control, retrieval, distribution, preservation and destruction of documents and content. Content Management System especially concerns content imported into or generated from within an organization in the course of its operation, and includes the control of access to this content from outside of the organizations processes. Insurance Document Management System Its important to maintain documents so that you can get to them faster, and easily. Even IT offers document management solutions for easy maintenance of your policies, endorsements, quotes, binders and the like. You can design your templates in common word processing tools, and the document management system will integrate and process these templates to generate and maintain documents. The documents can be retrieved at any time and are indexed in a database for quick searches. Insurance Document Management System is a secure file upload management system with built-in audit tracking, and is a plug-in extension to the Power Central Portal. This System will maintain the generation of the various reports which will be provided to the users as per the requirement. The reports like Modification Report, Policy Management Report, Payments Received Report, Agent commission report, etc. Insurance Accounting and Automation Insurance accounting is quite a complicated task, given the fact that there are so many issues with regulation, taxes, filing, commissions, brokers/underwriters, endorsements etc. We can build applications of insurance accounting systems and insurance billing systems that automate part of this task for you and help build better and more flexible solutions. Workflow solutions Workflow solutions that will ease the task of issuing claims, policies, reimbursements, payments etc. You can enforce hierarchical constraints and automate workflow, thereby ensuring that all your checks and balances are in place. Auditing Insurance is a highly regulated industry, so audit controls are very important. For this purpose, Radix can write audit control solutions customized to your purpose that will help you track and control business issues within your organization Business Intelligence Reporting and charting solutions that will make sense of your data. We can help you analyze your past data for better decision-making and help you make more informed decisions. Online Data Back-up System Online Back-up System is used to have the backed of the data on another server so that in case Original Data get Damage, Lost, etc. then the data is available for work. This system helps in the Real Time Data Backup and maintains the data for the future purpose. It also facilities the data back-up at other Geographical location. The benefit of Online Insurance Management System Online Back-up System is used to have the backed of the data on another server so that in case Original Data get Damage, Lost, etc. then the data is available for work. This system helps in the Real Time Data Backup and maintains the data for the future purpose. It also facilities the data back-up at other Geographical location The benefit of Online Insurance Management System Radix is the right technology choice for the vast majority of insurance-selling organizations on line. We have been closely associated with leading insurance players. Radix is essential for successfully managing and growing your business. Our web based insurance management system can manage your insurance business perfectly. Our solution focus is on the following benefits. Compliance Speed- to-market Cost reduction Web-enablement Consolidation Integration Business process flexibility REFRENCES:- WEB SITES www.licindia.com www.google.co.in/indian insurance industry www.irdaindia.org www.equitymaster.com MAGZINES Life insurance vol 1 ICFAI PRESS 2002 Life insurance vol 2 ICFAI PRESS 2002 Insurance industry Emerging Trends ICFAI PRESS 2002 Insurance law and regulation vol 1ICFAI PRESS 2002 NEWSPAPER Economic times Times of India Business standard BOOKS Life-Insurance , by Mc GILL Insurance Industry by ICFAI Publication Insurance in India

Susan Griffins Our Secret and Are You My Mother? by Alison Bechdel Ess

â€Å"Our Secret† by Susan Griffin and â€Å"Are You My Mother?† by Alison Bechdel both present the issues of how control over all aspects of childhood continues to affect the victim much beyond childhood. Childhood is a time where children definitely need guidance, but it is also a time where the child should make some of their own choices. Children are naà ¯ve and see life in a more creative way than adults do. The dreams of a child may be far-fetched, such as becoming an astronaut or becoming the doctor who cures cancer, but these dreams should never be terminated by their parents. The childhood curiosity is what makes children better learners, and ultimately see the world without all of the dangers and flaws that adults see. Both parents in each of these novels deprived their children of the creativity that comes from being a child. A former U.S. lady once expressed her thoughts on parenting children by stating, "Children are likely to live up to what you be lieve of them." In â€Å"Our Secret† Heinrich Himmler is named after a prince, whom his father believes he can be like one day, as long as he makes the right decisions. Heinrich’s father controls what he writes in his journal, making Heinrich leave out emotions. Gebhard’s intimidating demeanor is exposed through the line, â€Å"He has the face of one who looks for mistakes. He is vigilant† (242). Growing up in a household where the only thing Heinrich’s father did was search for his mistakes must have been unsettling and stres...

Overview of Ancient Greece Essay

Athens, Sparta, Alexander, the Parthenon and other ancient ruins are vivid reminders of Greece’s almost hallowed past. Greece is a mountainous land surrounded by over 1000 islands and almost completely circled by the Mediterranean Sea. The first farmers settled there in around about 7000 BC due to the ideal weather of hot dry summers and rain only in winter and soon developed into small independent communities cut off from each other by the mountains and often competing for the best land, because the fertile soil was in short supply. These small communities later developed into the city-states and each had a strong individual identity, although very little is known about these early settlers. The Bronze Age is considered the first historical period, and it was within this period that the early writing systems were developed. During the Bronze Age there were two great civilisations- the Minoans and Mycenaeans. The Bronze Age witnessed major social, economic, and technological advances that made Greece the main centre of activity in the Mediterranean; it was characterized by its rapid growth of population and development of trade. It was in the Bronze Age that metals were first used. The Minoan civilization was the first great civilisation of the Aegean world; it emerged around 3200 BC on the island of Crete. The rich Cretan soil produced oil, grain and wine in abundance. The Minoan’s were not Greek and may have originally come from western Asia as early as 6000 BC. The civilization grew wealthy through trade with countries such as Egypt, Asia Minor and the Levant. The Minoans were skilled artists and craftsmen, creating beautiful objects, their architecture reaching near perfection. The Minoans also ruled the other Aegean Islands and various cities on the mainland. New buildings constantly replaced the cave dwellings of the previous age. The great Minoan fleet ruled the Mediterranean, providing wealth to the island from trade and commerce as well as providing protection from any invaders. They were peaceful people with a love of life and equality between men and women. A major earthquake hit Crete around 1450 BC, causing large-scale destruction of the palaces; but the palaces were rebuilt soon afterwards and the Minoan civilization continued to flourish. Not everyone was as lucky as others to live in the palaces but whoever didn’t, then lived in small farmhouses. A new disaster hit Crete around 1450 BC, causing large-scale destruction to the palaces and settlements and resulting in the eventual demise of the great civilization. The Mycenaean civilization flourished on mainland Greece from around 1600 BC. It was a warlike society and weapons and armour have been found in their graves. Mycenae, city of Agamemnon, was one of several heavily fortified strongholds. They are also known for being great traders as they sailed far and wide. They traded with Egypt, Asia Minor, Italy and Cyprus. The Mycenaeans were very wealthy and archaeologists have uncovered many objects in gold, silver and ivory from their towns. Their writing system called ‘Linear B’ was adapted from a Minoan script. Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaeans spoke Greek. Around 1250 BC the Mycenaeans started to build huge defensive walls around the major towns because they were under threat from foreign invaders. By 1200 BC the cities began to be abandoned or destroyed. 1100-700BC, after the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization, Greece was plunged into a Dark Age. The rich Mycenaean towns and palaces fell into decline or were destroyed, writing was no longer used and trade with other countries decreased dramatically. Although very little is known about this period it is thought the population of Greece became much smaller with people living in fewer and smaller settlements possibly due to famine and the depopulation. The Archaic Period was a time of great change in Greece from 700 -480 BC. Many cities like Athens, Corinth, Argos and Sparta, grew rich and powerful. Great temples to the gods were built in many places around Greece. The cities developed new ways to govern themselves. Many cities were ruled by kings or rich families. Others were ruled by a small group of people called an oligarchy. At the end of the 6th century BC, Athens developed a system in which many of its citizens helped to make the rules and decisions. This type of government was called democracy. Sparta invaded the neighbouring land of Messenia and forced most of its inhabitants into slavery. To make sure they could control such a large number of slaves, Sparta became a military society. Men and women were expected to be fit and strong. The men were forbidden to have jobs or trade because they were full-time soldiers. Many of the Greek cities joined together when faced with a common enemy. At the beginning of the 5th Century BC Greece was invaded twice by the Persians and even thought the Greeks were outnumbered they were still able to drive the invaders away from their land. From 323-31 BC, the Hellenistic Period was the time from the death of Alexander the Great to the beginning of the Roman Empire. The Greek world was now dominated by large kingdoms ruled by dynasties rather than individual city states. This was a time when Greek influence spread throughout a great deal of the world. The countries that Alexander had conquered adopted the Greek language, religion and styles of art often mixing them with local traditions. Greek towns with gymnasia, temples and theatres were built in all parts of the empire, even as far away as Afghanistan. The word politics come from the Greek word ‘polis’, meaning city-state or community. Greece was a collection of some 1500 separate communities scattered round the Mediterranean. Those cities that were not democracies were either oligarchies – where power was in the hands of the few richest citizens- or monarchies, called ‘tyrannies’ in cases where the sole ruler had complete power by force rather than inheritance. Of the democracies, the oldest, the most stable, the most long-lived, but also the most radical, was Athens. Athens was the first city to develop democracy. Democracy meaning that all the citizens had a say in how a state or city is governed. In Athens the people, who acquired power and freedom, drove out the tyrants. All decision is Athens had to be voted for by the majority of the people. The assembly was the main forum of political life. At least 6000 people had to be present for a meeting to take place. The assembly made important decisions, for example, whether or not to declare war. In times of war, decisions were made about the defence of the city by a group of ten military commanders called ‘strategoi’. These were elected annually and could be re-elected many times. However, not everyone in Athens was allowed to take part in the democracy. Only male citizens had the right to vote. This meant that women and children could not take part in the government. An Ancient Greek soldier was known as a Hoplite. He had to provide his own weapons and armour. A hoplite’s weapons and armour were very simple and left large areas of the body unprotected, but worked well when he fought in a phalanx. The hoplite’s armour consisted of; a bronze helmet with long nose guard and cheek guards, bronze cuirass (breastplate) designed to protect the top part of the body, large shield to protect the body and bronze greaves (leg guards) to protect the lower part of the legs. A hoplite’s weapons were a long spear and short sword. The ancient Greeks believed that there were a great number of god’s and goddesses. They believed that all the gods were descendants of Gaia (the earth) and Uranos (the sky). These gods had control over many different things on earth. In many ways the Greek gods were very human. They could be kind or mean, angry or pleasant, cruel or loving. They fell in love with each other, argued with each other, argued with each other and even stole from each other! The ancient Greeks built great temples and sanctuaries to their gods. They held festivals in their honour, with processions, sports, sacrifices and competitions. Religion played a large part in the lives of ordinary people. Worshippers believed that the gods would treat them well and meet their needs if they offered the fruits of the harvest and animal sacrifices. Stories of the god’s lives were told to children by their mothers and to large audiences by professional storytellers. One key individual of Greece was Alexander the Great. The story of his life sounded more like that of a Greek hero. He was a great military leader and courageous. Many thought he was a descendant of Hercules and another legend claimed he was the son of Zeus. His loyal army would follow him anywhere and he won the respect of the people he conquered. He died aged 33 thousands of miles from home in Macedon with an enormous empire. Another individual was Homer. He was a storyteller and a poet who lived sometime in the 8th century BC. He was greatly admired and created two of the most popular and enduring stories ever told, The Iliad and the Odyssey. Homer’s stories about Mycenae are still told today and reflect real incidents of war, battles and sieges. Drama and theatre were Greek inventions. They held great festivals where plays were performed. At the end of the festival they would choose one of the plays as the winner. The two main types of play performed were tragedy and comedy. Tragedies dealt with terrible events like war or murder. Often they recreated famous Greek myths and legends. A comedy poked fun at current events and people. Many thousands of people would attend these festivals which were dedicated to the god Dionysus.

Informative Essay Sample on Marilyn Monroe and Her Background

Informative Essay Sample on Marilyn Monroe and Her Background Marilyn Monroe. When someone mentions this name, a beautiful blonde, glamorous, sexy girl who doesnt look too clever would probably be the image that comes up in everyones mind, but is that the truth? Is that what she really was like or was it just an image created by the media? There are many opinions about the details of her life and many different rumours and theories about her mysterious death. But no matter to what truly did happened to her, this woman was one of the biggest influential person of the 20th Century to many people around the world. People have already had a definition of Marilyn as a Legend. It is unbelievable that this woman was born as a shy little girl who never knew who her father was because he left her mother even before she was born. An innocent little baby girl, Norma Jeanne Mortenson, was born on the 1st of June 1926. A foster family brought her up until she was 7 years of age when her mother reclaimed and brought her back. But soon thereafter Gladys Monroe, Normas mother was declared insane and committed to a psychiatric hospital. Consequently, she was once again sent to a series of foster homes. She was assaulted in at least two of the foster homes, and possibly more, all before she was twelve years old. She had to drop out of school, when she turned 16, to marry James E. Dougherty who she didnt love. In 1944 James was called to military service and she went to live with her mother-in-law and like many military wives she took a job in a defence factory. One day a photographer that was sent to take pictures of women helping with the war effort changed her life. He was very impressed of Norma and suggested she apply for a modeling position at the Blue Book model agency. By 1946 she was already on 33 magazine co vers and was posing for top photographers. This is also in the same year when she changed her name to Marilyn Monroe. Soon she divorced with James. Throughout her life she got married three times altogether. The second man she got married to is Joe DiMaggio and then things werent working out right for them so they got divorced and so she married a writer, Author Miller. On the 5th of August 1962, she was found dead as a result of drug overdose in bed. The incident gave a terrible shocked to the public. Many believes it was a suicide and many believes it was an accident, but there are no proves or what so ever to any of the rumours or theories. We can only guess and believe in what ever we want, but the one thing that we can all agree is that Marilyn was a beautiful and talented woman who found fame and fortune but she was unsatisfied with her life. Even though she achieved so much in her career life. Marilyns career as an actress spanned 16 years. She made 29 films, 24 in the first 8 years of her career. By the end of 1951 Marilyn was receiving 2000 3000 fan mail letters per week and thats only a few years after she started her career. It could be said that Marilyn was the representative of the image of fashion and beauty in the 20th century. She showed the confidence in her to the world and that gave a lot of ideas to many girls about being confident. So many girls look up to her, not only for her beauty and fashion but for her talents Her life story also probably gave many people some lessons to think about many things in life. She went through a horrible childhood, but she managed to get through it and hid it away even though it probably haunted her for her whole life. She reached her goal to where she wanted to be. However, though she may be gone physically, shes still very much here in spirit, a fact shown by the huge number of fans she still retains today, almost 40 years after her untimely death. The life story of this woman will still be pass on to the next generations about how unique way of life she was brought up and how she made it to be one of the greatest Hollywood divas that ever existed. A life of this young woman will never been forgotten by history as it is a great example of life. In general most human search for success in life so it could make them happy. But in her case, she showed that fame is not everything.

Archetypes of edward scissor hands Essay Example

Archetypes of edward scissor hands Essay Example Archetypes of edward scissor hands Paper Archetypes of edward scissor hands Paper Danni Perez Emily Chased Archetypes of Edward Scissor Hands In the words of Carl Jung, a well-known psychologist, an archetype is An innate tendency which molds and transforms the individual consciousness. A fact defined more through a drive than through specific inherited contents, images etc. ; a matrix which influences the human behavior as well as his ideas and concepts on the ethical, moral religious and cultural levelsnuns). This research paper provides different archetypes that are present in Edward Chardonnays. The 1990 film of Edward Scissor Hands portrays an American romantic fantasy film based on the loosing of a young creation. The story takes place in a cookie cutter suburban society where Peg, an Avon representative lingers into a dark and mysterious castle where she stumbles upon the thrilling creation we know as Edward. The humble orphan who we grow to love is the product of an Inventors (creator) search for companionship, but an untimely death leaves him with chardonnays and the inability to fit into society. As the story progresses we notice how Edward and Pegs relationship becomes more meaningful when she takes the role of being the( mentor). Peg takes Edward under her wing and in an unselfish manner provides him with the crucial necessities that he had been deprived of. After moving in with Peg and her family, Edward becomes the source of the latest gossip in the community; everyone is interested in meeting the mysterious guest Peg has brought into her home. A barbecue is held in Pegs backyard attempting to welcome him to their neighborhood. Zoos and shahs arise as everyone catches a glimpse of the magical pair of chardonnays he possesses, but show no sign of rejection towards the innocent lad. As people in the community realize Edwards ability to create topiary gardens, cut dogs and human hair he becomes the new sensation who the ladies Just cant get enough of. Joyce (seductress) one of the ladies shows particular fondness towards Edward and decides to act upon her feelings. She unmercifully throws herself upon him but is sadly rejected in her conquest to ignite romance and is left with bitterness instead. On the other hand, we all cant help but notice how Edwards affection is directed towards Kim (damsel in distress), Pegs daughter. Being at her feet he does anything that she can possibly request out f him, and soon enough her Jealous boyfriend Jim (Villain) comes to conclude that Edward has feeling towards her. In retribution Jim strategically forms a plot to destroy Edwards reputation, turning him into the perfect disaster leading to his downfall. After being incarcerated for breaking into Jims house, Kim apologizes for the situation that she has placed him in, confessing that it was Jims house; something that Edward had known all along. From this point on Kim experiences an awakening of the hidden emotions she has towards Edward, ones that she could ever feel towards Jim, forcing her to end the relationship between them. Jim becomes infuriated with the fact that hes no longer Skims choice, and wrath takes over his unmerciful soul, revenge is his vendetta. Succeeding his entanglement longer the same. Those that once loved him so fondly now make it their duty to remove him from their Utopia. Surrounded with frustration, his family feels obligated to teach him right from wrong to avoid future conundrums. Knowing that he was set up, Edward feels betrayed and resentful but manages to keep composure in the eyes of society, but not for long. As Jims soul intention is to become Edwards worst nightmare, and extinguish his newly found happiness. Pegs annual Christmas party is finally here, but this time, life has different plans for them. Everyone throughout the neighborhood feels the need to isolate themselves from the sins that Edward commits, positioning him and his family as outcast. As the family prepares for the occasion, Jim decides to unexpectedly drop by and witnesses Edward accidental cut Skims palm while sculpting an ice figure. At that moment Jim exposes his true intentions by pushing Edward to his limit, forcing him to leave the cane both angry and humiliated. As Edward storms through the neighborhood his anger gets the best of him, and pushes him into a stage of destruction. Those in the community become frightened of his unusual behavior, and decide to take action into their own hands by calling the local police. His family, in particular Peg, question if bringing Edward into society had been the best decision and go out in search of the naive lad. After regaining his composure, Edward heads back home and spends significant time with Kim, where they finally express their feeling for one another. But Just as things start to get interesting, Edward glances out the window and is shocked at the sight of harm coming towards Kevin (Pegs brother). Edward instinctively takes it upon himself to become Sevens savior and as Jim and some reckless friend lose control of the car they are in, Edward tackles Kevin to the grass, ultimately saving him. In attempts to assure that he is okay Edward accidental scratches Sevens face due to his chardonnays. When Jim sees this he accuses Edward of purposefully hurting Kevin, and takes action against him by viciously attacking him. Hearing the commotion the neighbors quickly rush to the scene, and after seeing that Edward is involved, conclude that he is the culprit. As the local police begins to approach, Kim tells frightened Edward to run, and heads towards the castle. Once there he is cornered by the policeman, who spares Edward by allowing him to retrieve into his home. Disbelieving the policemans statement on Edwards demise, Kim along with the rest of the community make their way to search for Edward themselves. Kim discreetly enters the castle in hopes of finding Edward, ND when she does she is overwhelmed with Joy; the first words that escape her lips are I love you, the most powerful words Edward had ever heard. The Joyful moment came to a halt when Jims arrival disrupted the environment, he fully charged at Edward with the intention of killing him, and after the short lived battle between the two Edward triumphed by putting an end to Jims life with the divine gift of his chardonnays. In the end Edward remained secluded in his home where he could do what he was meant to do, express himself, and although their love was strong, Kim and Edward never see each other again. As it may already be apparent this story line is full of many archetypes. We see Edward take a Journey, in search of identity and love, where he finds both. He becomes an artist that is loved, but things begin to fall apart when he finds love with Kim, and the town turns against him a transcendent hero, a hero as a lover, and an unbalanced hero. There are also many characteristics of the heros Journey in this film. The hero, Edward, is naive and inexperienced, when dealing with society, and has to learn many basic things that occur in everyday life. Peg is his caregiver who guides him to assimilate to their customs. We see the hero yearns for Kim, who is sometimes his guide and inspiration. Edward loves Kim and wants to be with her and he is willing to do anything to conquest her. Another characteristic that we see is the Journey that the hero must embark in order to learn a lesson, change in some way, and return home. This is shown when he goes into the town, tries to fit in with society, realizes he cant change who he is and that it is better to be yourself and therefore returns to his home. A situation archetype that is portrayed in the movie is the classic battle between good and evil. Edward represents the good character, while Jim the Jealous boyfriend is the evil character. Throughout the movie we witness them fighting over Kim, Jim tries to take out Edward by putting him in unfair situations that lead him to trouble and a bad reputation in the community. In the end they battle it out and Edward wins Skims heart making her his lover. The color black in Edwards attire is a representation of mystery, the unknown, and what makes him different from those in the neighborhood. Green is seen in his garden throughout his creations, which are a symbol of hope, growth, sympathy, and adaptability . Look closely, in the film we see how the houses are strategically color coordinated this shows how they are very limited to all being the same where being unique is considered absurd. At times we wish Edward could have real hands because it would allow him to fit into society, rather than being accepted solely based on sympathy and selfish necessities. The inventor is very lonesome and would enjoy companionship, better yet a son. The solution is found within his machinery, at the beginning of the film we notice that he places a heart shaped cookie towards one of his machines. Edward was the solution to his lonesomeness, but unfortunately he died before acquiring the fond relationship he longed for, Edward still manages to have emotions based on the experiences of love he has with Kim. This film tells a great fantasy tale about romance and finding ones identity, it follows many archetypes making it a phenomenal story line. If you found a brief case full of money what would you do with it states Bob, Pegs husband, Edward repels Give it to my loved ones. No, the correct answer is turning in the money says Bob. The moral dilemma shows how Edward would respond to a even situation, he is a kindhearted soul seeking whats best for those that are closest to him, full of passiveness and generosity towards all, we cant help but fall for the warmness of his character. This all takes a turning point when Jim fully launches himself at Edward in the final scene of the castle, in this precise moment he must decide if to use his Chardonnays to defend both himself and Kim or to Just stick to his humble origins and let Jim win the fight. Edward decides to kill Jim ultimately saving their lives. Edward Chardonnays shows many similarities to Frankincense, rue monster is humanity itself. The only sense of peace for the creations is to be in absolute isolation to escape being criticized. The Greek mythology based on this film is allured to the theme of Beauty and the Beast, which is also present in Happiest, a beast who is a lame God that lacks physical attractiveness, He falls for Aphrodite the goddess of love, as Edward does for Kim. Isolation in a castle secludes Edward from society Just as Happiest lives in heaven with Hear and Zeus, Edward does topiary, cuts human and dog hair, and Hyphenates is a sculptor,the comparisons between the two are very evidential.